Marriage is a lifelong commitment that goes beyond love and companionship—it also involves health and well-being. Couples should undergo key medical tests before marriage to ensure a healthy future together. These tests help identify potential health risks, prevent complications, and enable informed decisions about family planning.
Here are five essential medical tests every couple should consider before tying the knot:
1. Blood Group and Rhesus Factor Compatibility
Knowing your blood group and Rhesus (Rh) factor is crucial, especially for family planning. If a woman has an Rh-negative blood type and her partner is Rh-positive, there is a risk of Rh incompatibility during pregnancy. This can lead to complications such as hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), which may cause severe anemia in the baby. Early detection allows for medical interventions to prevent complications.
2. Genotype Screening
Genotype testing is essential to assess the risk of passing sickle cell disease (SCD) to children. If both partners carry the sickle cell trait (AS), there is a 25% chance of having a child with sickle cell disease. Couples with incompatible genotypes (e.g., AS + AS or AS + SS) may need genetic counseling to explore options for managing or preventing the condition.
3. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Screening
Sexually transmitted infections such as HIV/AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and hepatitis B & C can affect fertility and overall health. Undiagnosed STIs may lead to chronic infections, infertility, or complications during pregnancy. Getting tested before marriage ensures early treatment and reduces the risk of transmission between partners.
4. Fertility Tests
Fertility assessments help couples understand their reproductive health and plan accordingly. Tests for men include sperm analysis to check sperm count, motility, and morphology, while women may undergo ovarian reserve tests, hormonal evaluations, and ultrasound scans to assess ovulation and reproductive health. Identifying fertility challenges early allows couples to seek medical guidance if necessary.
5. Genetic Testing
Genetic testing helps determine the likelihood of passing hereditary diseases such as cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, Tay-Sachs disease, or thalassemia to children. If a couple carries genes for inherited conditions, they can seek genetic counseling to understand risks and explore medical options such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) during assisted reproduction.
Conclusion
Undergoing medical tests before marriage is a responsible step toward a healthy and informed marital journey. These tests help couples make proactive health decisions, minimize potential risks, and prepare for parenthood. Consulting a healthcare professional for proper guidance ensures that couples enter marriage with confidence and peace of mind.