The Democratic Republic of Congo is facing a severe military crisis. The Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) are struggling to contain the advance of the M23 rebels, pointing out the significant issues within the army, including corruption, poor pay, and a lack of equipment. These factors have led to desertions and crimes against civilians.
The M23 rebels, reportedly supported by Rwanda, have made substantial gains since late December, escalating the conflict to its highest level in over a decade.
Their advanced weaponry and strategic support have created a severe imbalance on the battlefield, leaving Congolese soldiers under equipped and demoralised. The rebels’ advance is linked to longstanding tensions, including the aftermath of Rwanda’s 1994 genocide and the competition for Congo’s mineral wealth.
Previous trials in Musienene and Bukavu have brought attention to the dysfunction within the army. Over 300 soldiers faced charges for crimes such as theft, rape, and murder, allegedly committed as they fled from the rebels.
Many soldiers denied the charges, stating they were separated from their units during fighting. The trials resulted in severe penalties, including death sentences for over 260 soldiers.
President Felix Tshisekedi has blamed military leaders for the army’s poor performance, suggesting the army had been “betrayed from within.”
However, critics argue that his reliance on regional forces and mercenaries has made matters worse. Despite increasing military spending, soldiers are still underpaid and under equipped, contributing to low morale.
Tshisekedi has announced plans to form a unity government, reaching out to opposition leaders in an attempt to stabilise the country.
As the conflict continues, the indiscipline within the army fuels clashes, particularly in cities like Uvira near the Burundian border. These clashes have led to many casualties, leaving residents anxious.
The government has announced operations to track down soldiers accused of committing atrocities, but the root problems remain unresolved. The future of the FARDC and the region’s stability depend on addressing these deep issues to restore peace and order in the Congo.